Eastern Philosophy
Jung: On Eastern Philosophy
The extraverted tendency of the West and the introverted tendency of the East
have one important purpose in common: both make desperate efforts to conquer the
mere naturalness of life. It is the assertion of mind over matter, the opus contra
naturam, a symptom of the youthfulness of man, still delighting in the use of
the most powerful weapon ever devised by nature: the conscious mind. The afternoon
of humanity, in a distant future, may yet evolve a different ideal. In time, even
conquest will cease to be the dream.
The Tibetan Book of the Great Liberation
(1954). Psychological Commentary (written in 1939) by C.G. Jung In CW 11: Psychology
and Religion: West and East. P.787
Why is psychology the youngest of the empirical
sciences? Why have we not long since discovered the unconscious and raised up
its treasure-house of eternal images? Simply because we had a religious formula
for everything psychic and one that is far more beautiful and comprehensive than
immediate experience. Though the Christian view of the world has paled for many
people, the symbolic treasure rooms of the East are still full of marvels that
can nourish for a long time to come the passion for show and new clothes. What
is more, these images-be they Christian or Buddhist or what you will-are lovely,
mysterious, richly intuitive. Naturally, the more familiar we are with them the
more does constant usage polish them smooth, so that what remains is only banal
superficiality and meaningless paradox.
"Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious"
(1935). In CW 9, Part I: The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. P. 11

I know nothing of a "super-reality." Reality contains everything I can know, for
everything that acts upon me is real and actual. If it does not act upon me, then
I notice nothing and can, therefore, know nothing about it. Hence I can make statements
only about real things, but not about things that are unreal, or surreal, or subreal.
Unless, of course, it should occur to someone to limit the concept of reality
in such a way that the attribute "real" applied only to a particular segment of
the world's reality. This restriction to the so-called material or concrete reality
of objects perceived by the senses is a product of a particular way of thinking-the
thinking that underlies "sound common sense" and our ordinary use of language.
It operates on the celebrated principle "Nihil est in intellectu quod non antea
fuerit in sensu," regardless of the fact that there are very many things in the
mind which did not derive from the data of the senses. According to this view,
everything is "real" which comes, or seems to come, directly or indirectly from
the world revealed by the senses. This limited picture of the world is a reflection
of the one-sidedness of Western man.
"The Real and the Surreal" (1933). In CW
8: The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche. P.745
The East teaches us another,
broader, more profound, and higher understanding-understanding through life. We
know this only by hearsay, as a shadowy sentiment expressing a vague religiosity,
and we are fond of putting "Oriental wisdom" in quotation marks and banishing
it to the dim region of faith and superstition. But that is wholly to misunderstand
the realism of the East. Texts of this kind do not consist of the sentimental,
overwrought mystical intuitions of pathological cranks and recluses, but are based
on the practical insights of highly evolved Chinese minds, which we have not the
slightest justification for undervaluing.
tr. The Secret of the Golden Flower
(1929). Commentary By C.G. Jung in CW 13: Alchemical Studies. P.2
Western man
is held in thrall by the "ten thousand things"; he sees only particulars, he is
ego-bound and thing-bound, and unaware of the deep root of all being. Eastern
man, on the other hand, experiences the world of particulars, and even his own
ego, like a dream; he is rooted essentially in the "Ground," which attracts him
so powerfully that his relations with the world are relativized to a degree that
is often incomprehensible to us.
Psychology and Alchemy (1944). CW 12: P.8
While
the Western mind carefully sifts, weighs, selects, classifies, isolates, the Chinese
picture of the moment encompasses everything down to the minutest nonsensical
detail, because all of the ingredients make up the observed moment.
tr. I Ching
or Book of Changes. Foreword by C.G. Jung in CW 11: Psychology and Religion: West
and East. P.969
The West is always seeking uplift, but the East seeks a sinking
or deepening. Outer reality, with its bodiliness and weight, appears to make a
much stronger and sharper impression on the European than it does on the Indian.
The European seeks to raise himself above this world, while the Indian likes to
turn back into the maternal depths of Nature.
"The Psychology of Eastern Meditation"
(1943) In CW 11: Psychology of Religion: West and East. P. 936
In general, meditation
and contemplation have a bad reputation in the West. They are regarded as a particularly
reprehensible form of idleness or as pathological narcissism. No one has time
for self-knowledge or believes that it could serve any sensible purpose. Also,
one knows in advance that it is not worth the trouble to know oneself, for any
fool can know what he is. We believe exclusively in doing and do not ask about
the doer, who is judged only by achievements that have collective value. The general
public seems to have taken cognizance of the existence of the unconscious psyche
more than the so-called experts, but still nobody has drawn any conclusions from
the fact that Western man confronts himself as a stranger and that self knowledge
is one of the most difficult and exacting of the arts.
Mysterium Coniunctionis
(1955). CW 14. P. 709
"The Christian during contemplation would never say I am
Christ," but will confess with Paul: "Not I, but Christ liveth in me" (Gal. 2:20).
Our sutra however, says: "Thou wilt know that thou art the Buddha." At bottom
the two confessions are identical, in that the Buddhist only attains this knowledge
when he is anatman, 'without self.' But there is an immeasurable difference in
the formulation. The Christian attains his end in Christ, the Buddhist knows he
is the Buddha. The Christian gets out of the transitory and ego-bound world of
consciousness, but the Buddhist still reposes on the eternal ground of his inner
nature, whose oneness with Deity, or with universal Being, is confirmed in other
Indian testimonies.
"The Psychology of Eastern Meditation" (1943) In CW 11: Psychology
of Religion: West and East. P. 949
The Christian West considers man to be wholly
dependent upon the grace of God, or at least upon the Church as the exclusive
and divinely sanctioned earthly instrument of man's redemption. The East, however,
insists that man is the sole cause of his higher development, for it believes
in "self- liberation."
The Tibetan Book of the Great Liberation (1954). Psychological
Commentary (written in 1939) by C.G. Jung In CW 11: Psychology and Religion: West
and East. P.770

Great as is the value of Zen Buddhism for understanding the religious
transformation process, its use among Western people is very problematical. The
mental education necessary for Zen is lacking in the West. Who among us would
place such implicit trust in a superior Master and his incomprehensible ways?
This respect for the greater human personality is found only in the East. Could
any of us boast that he believes in the possibility of a boundlessly paradoxical
transformation experience, to the extent, moreover, of sacrificing many years
of his life to the wearisome pursuit of such a goal? And finally, who would dare
to take upon himself the authority for such an unorthodox transformation experience
except a man who was little to be trusted, one who, maybe for pathological reasons,
has too much to say for himself? just such a person would have no cause to complain
of any lack of following among us. But let a "Master" set us a hard task, which
requires more than mere parrot-talk, and the European begins to have doubts, for
the steep path of self-development is to him as mournful and gloomy as the path
to hell.
The Integration of the Personality (1939)
I have no wish to depreciate
the tremendous differentiation of the western intellect compared with it the Eastern
intellect must be described as childish. (Naturally this has nothing to do with
intelligence.) If we should succeed in elevating another, and possibly even a
third psychic function to the dignified position accorded to the intellect, then
the West might expect to surpass the East by a very great margin.
tr. The Secret
of the Golden Flower (1929). Commentary By C.G. Jung in CW 13: Alchemical Studies.
P.8
The Indian can forget neither the body nor the mind, while the European is
always forgetting either the one or the other. With this capacity to forget he
has, for the time being, conquered the world. Not so the Indian. He not only knows
his own nature, but he also knows how much he himself is nature. The European,
on the other hand, has a science of nature and knows astonishingly little of his
own nature, the nature within him. For the Indian' it comes as a blessing to know
of a method which helps him to control the supreme power of nature within and
without. For the European, it is sheer poison to suppress his nature, which is
warped enough as it is, and to make out of it a willing robot.
"Yoga and the West"
(1936). In CW 11: Psychology and Religion: West and East. P. 8
The breathless
drive for power and aggrandizement in the political, social, and intellectual
sphere, gnawing at the soul of the Westerner with apparently insatiable greed,
is spreading irresistibly in the East and threatens to have incalculable consequences.
Not only in India but in China, too, much has already perished where once the
soul lived and throve. The externalization of culture may do away with a great
many evils whose removal seems most desirable and beneficial, yet this step forward,
as experience shows, is all too dearly paid for with a loss of spiritual culture.
"The Holy Men of India" (1944). In CW 11: Psychology and Religion: West and East.
P.962
The wisdom and mysticism of the East have very much to say to us, even when
they speak their own inimitable language. They serve to remind us that we in our
culture possess something similar, which we have already forgotten, and to direct
our attention to the fate of the inner man.
"The Holy Men of India" (1944). In
CW 11: Psychology and Religion: West and East. P.963
In the East, the inner man
has always had such a firm hold on the outer man that the world had no chance
of tearing him away from his inner roots; in the West, the outer man gained the
ascendancy to such an extent that he was alienated from his innermost being.
The
Tibetan Book of the Great Liberation (1954). Psychological Commentary (written
in 1939) by C.G. Jung In CW 11: Psychology and Religion: West and East. P.785
A growing familiarity with the spirit of the East should be taken merely as a
sign that we are beginning to relate to the alien elements within ourselves. Denial
of our historical foundations would be sheer folly and would be the best way to
bring about another uprooting of consciousness. Only by standing firmly on our
own soil can we assimilate the spirit of the East.
The Secret of the Golden
Flower (1929). Commentary By C.G. Jung in CW 13: Alchemical Studies. P.72
If you
want to learn the greatest lesson India can teach you, wrap yourself in the cloak
of your moral superiority, go to the Black Pagoda of Konarak, sit down in the
shadow of the mighty ruin that is still covered with the most amazing collection
of obscenities, read Murray's cunning old Handbook for India, which tells you
how to be properly shocked by this lamentable state of affairs, and how you should
go into the temples in the evening, because in the lamplight they look if possible
"more (and how beautifully!) wicked"; and then analyze carefully and with the
utmost honesty all your reactions, feelings, and thoughts. It will take you quite
a while, but in the end, if you have done good work, you will have learned something
about yourself, and about the white man in general, which you have probably never
heard from anyone else.
"What India Can Teach Us" (1939). In CW 10: Civilization
in Transition. P.1013